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Review
"Based on this insider information, Michel wrote his new book, which might be the final word on the eleven-day air-to-ground Linebacker II campaign." - VVA Veteran"This book provides a very enjoyable read, is a serious book, and as such deserves a dedicated effort to fully understand and absorb." - IPMS/USA
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About the Author
Marshall L. Michel III is a native of New Orleans who attended Georgetown and Harvard Universities. He joined the US Air Force in 1966 and from 1970 to 1973 flew 321 combat missions. He was the assistant air attaché at the American embassy in Tel Aviv from 1977 to 1980, when he returned to the United States to fly F-15s at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. He later served as the Israel desk officer for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon, as a fellow at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies at Tel Aviv University, and on the NATO staff in Brussels, Belgium. He retired from the Air Force in 1992 and now lives in Biloxi, Mississippi, USA.
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Product details
Series: Air Campaign (Book 1)
Paperback: 96 pages
Publisher: Osprey Publishing (September 18, 2018)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1472827600
ISBN-13: 978-1472827609
Product Dimensions:
7.2 x 0.3 x 9.6 inches
Shipping Weight: 10.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.8 out of 5 stars
15 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#72,704 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Another excellent volume of Osprey’s new Air Campaign series, this book gives very good and potentially controversial insight into Linebacker II. It not only covers the nuts and bolts of how the missions were planned and executed by the US Air Force and the stout defense put up by the North Vietnamese. It also discusses the command decisions and failures by both the Americans and the North Vietnamese during this campaign.The US conducted Rolling Thunder - a three and a half year sustained aerial campaign against North Vietnam – that was both limited and ineffective. In 1965 the US did not have the right aircraft, munitions or the technology to conduct an effective strategic bombing campaign and would not have it until 1968 just as the bombing campaign was halted. However, by the time Linebacker I was initiated in May 1972, the US had the right mix of aircraft, munitions and technology to wage an efficient and effective air campaign. Mr. Michel explains why certain technology and tactics not used in Rolling Thunder were effective in Linebacker. This includes an explanation why chaff was not used in Rolling Thunder, but effectively used in Linebacker. More effective jamming and smart munitions were also developed that resulted in a low loss rate and effective targeting during Linebacker I and II.The book details the great lengths the North Vietnamese went thru to shoot down a B-52. B-52s began bombing southern North Vietnam in Sep 1966 in support of Operation Tally Ho – the interdiction campaign designed to isolate the battlefield in Northern I Corps. The North moved SAM batteries into southern North Vietnam in May 1967 in the hope of downing a B-52 and made several unsuccessful attempts in 1967 and 1968. The book does not mention that though no B-52 was shot down, several were damaged by SAMs in 1968 and again in early 1972. The North attained lessons learned that resulted in success later that year. The first B-52 shot down by a SAM took place in Nov 1972, not during Linebacker II. A side note, the North Vietnamese even moved Soviet made KS-30 130mm AA guns to just north of the DMZ that were capable of shooting a round up to 30,000 feet at max charge – a fact reported by B-52 crews in 1968! They also attempted to send MIGs into Laos in the hope of catching a B-52 cell unaware and shooting one down.At the end of the book, Mr. Michel provides an interesting insight into the results of the campaign as seen from both the American and North Vietnamese view. It has always been an article of faith among Americans that the bombing campaign was unquestionably successful and brought North Vietnam to its knees. Proponents of strategic bombing frequently use this campaign as an example of what can be accomplished if the politicians would “unleash†the military. However, Mr. Michel reveals that the campaign came close to failure not because of the politicians, but because of the lack of will and incompetence of SAC’s leadership. For once it was the politicians – President Nixon and Ambassador Kissinger - that had the will to push on, forcing SAC’s leaders to adapt. Linebacker II was ultimately successful, but its success was in support of a flawed, short term goal of getting America out of Vietnam instead “winning the warâ€.On the North Vietnamese side, they arrogantly believed the US would not respond to their Easter Offensive with a renewed bombing of the North and the Hanoi area. So they foolishly moved their air defense missiles south to support offensive ground operations. It was a fatal error in judgement that left the Hanoi-Haiphong area open to massive air attack. In addition, because of détente between the super powers, their Soviet allies did not provide advanced air defense systems like the more effective SA-3 SAM and additional MIGs to defend against the renewed bombing. However, the Vietnamese firmly believe they were “victorious†during Linebacker II, having withstood the might of US strategic military power.The author concludes that a sustained Linebacker II campaign would not have been successful whether it was conducted early in the war or later. The bombings, as with most strategic bombing campaigns of the 20th Century, resulted in uniting the population of North Vietnam. Though thoroughly frightening to the North Vietnamese, this shared experience only provided more resolve to resist and fight on. We’ve seen this time and again in Britain during WWI and WWII, in Germany during WWII and during the Israeli air campaign against Egypt in 1970.I strongly recommend this book to historians of the Vietnam War as well as military planners who may have to execute another Linebacker. This is by far one of the best narratives about Linebacker II since Karl J. Eschmann wrote his excellent book on the campaign in 1989. Clearly the lessons of Linebacker and Rolling Thunder were applied during Desert Storm with great success. However, those lessons learned from the Vietnam War can be perishable as we found during the air campaign for Kosovo in 1999 and must be constantly refreshed and relearned.
In this Osprey Air Campaign book #6, author Marshall Michel uses research from both sides to effectively introduce the reader the Linebacker II, an air campaign designed to bring the North Vietnamese back to the bargaining table in order to end America's involvement in the Vietnam War.It's testament to his thoroughness that Michel canvasses not only SAC and the USAF archives, but also those of Vietnam coupled with interviews with the participants. The color artwork, period photos and maps are all very good and give the reader visual cues to help understand the tactics and course of battles in the asian night.The author sets the stage very well with the strategic picture in which these events take place. Both sides are analyzed as to capabilities and strengths/weaknesses as well as the objectives for each side. He chronicles the course of the nightly battles in the night skies where the USAF initially stumbled because of SAC trying to control the battle from afar without feedback from the local commands actually tasked with carrying out the battles.I think the author does a good job of analyzing not only what happened, but also what the effects were and how Linebacker II did what Nixon and Kissinger wanted it to - accomplish the limited aim of bringing the North Vietnamese back to the peace talks so the US could get the POWs back and extricate itself from a war no one wanted to fight any longer.I think the author is frank, thoughtful and accurate in his telling of this campaign and it's aftermath and effects. It's not the last word, but it's certainly a fine and accessible overview in a very readable package.
Operation Linebacker II was intended to save the delicate U.S. negotiations with North Vietnam for an end to the Vietnam War. That operation is here authoritatively dissected here by author and USAF veteran Marshall Michel III. His adroit analysis of information from U.S. and Vietnamese sources provides real insights into what worked, what didn't, and why, for both sides.Christmas of 1972 found the U.S. eager to disengage from the Vietnam conflict, but on something resembling its own terms. The use of Strategic Air Command (SAC) B-52's for conventional strike missions was intended to send a message, one that was almost fumbled by SAC's attempt to drive the show from Omaha, thousands of miles and several time zones removed from the war. For this reviewer, it is unfortunately no surprise that the willingness of local commanders to challenge SAC on its poor tactics saved lives but killed careers. For this reviewer, it was a pleasant surprise that the author was prepared to deal evenhandedly with the lingering controversies over Linebacker II. Very highly recommended as an instructive summary of the operation.
Marshal L Michel III comes through with a great book on the "Christmas Bombing" campaign in 1972. I had not known how much work the North Vietnamese had put into in developing strategies for dealing with the B-52s until I read his book. Clear, well written, and well illustrated. Michel at the end raises a pair of counterfactuals, the second of which is very disturbing - what if the B-52 tactics did NOT change after the Christmas halt? His conclusions in this case are frightening.If you are interested in the Vietnam War, particularly in the use of air power against North Vietnam, this is well worth getting.
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